Law of Elon Musk

Course statistics

Predicted GPA i The average grade actually awarded, from four years of registrar records. Pulled toward the course average and then the department average in proportion to how little data there is, so a small sample cannot top the list on noise. Not a student rating: this is what the grades were.

P/NP

graded P/NP · 29 records · 1 term

A range i The share of grades that were A+, A or A−, out of every letter grade awarded in this course. P/NP outcomes are counted separately and are not in this figure.

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of letter grades

Taken P/NP i The share who took this pass/no-pass rather than for a letter grade. A high number usually means it is popular as a GE with people protecting a GPA. These students are excluded from the grade average above.

100%

100% of those passed

D / F / W i The share who finished with a D or an F, or withdrew. The closest thing here to a difficulty signal: it counts the people the course went badly for, which an average grade hides.

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incl. withdrawals

Sections in Fall 2026

Enrollment history

Final enrollment per term, averaged across that term's sections. Four years deep, summer excluded. This is the shape across years, not this term, which is above.

Grade distribution

By instructor

“Predicted” is shrunk toward the course average, which is itself shrunk toward the department, so an instructor with a handful of students sits near the course mean rather than topping the list.