ECON 123
Forecasting Exchange Rates and Constructing Currency Portfolios
Grades
3.49
Average grade awarded in ECON 123. Not a student rating: this is what the grades were.
In the A range
55%
of the 308 letter grades
D, F or W
0.0%
of every letter grade awarded, plus withdrawals
Taken pass/no pass
1%
2 of 2 students passed
The registrar's own records: 308 grades over 4 terms, Fall 2021 to Fall 2025. Every instructor is pooled here.
What is inside that record
No summer session is in that record.
The table below splits them, and term averages across those 4 terms ran 3.34 to 3.70.
Historical grades for all professors, across recorded terms. The course summary above includes all professors.
- A+ 17 · 5.5%
- A 95 · 30.8%
- A- 58 · 18.8%
- B+ 52 · 16.9%
- B 47 · 15.3%
- B- 31 · 10.1%
- C+ 2 · 0.6%
- C 6 · 1.9%
- P 2 of 311
- I 1 of 311
Percentages are of the 308 letter grades. Grey bars are non-letter outcomes: passes (P) and incompletes (I).
How the non-letter outcomes are counted
They are excluded from the GPA entirely rather than scored, because counting a P as a 4.0 would be a fabrication.
By instructor
| Instructor | Predicted GPA | Raw | n | Terms | A range | Workload | Spring 2026 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TORNELL, AARON reviews ↗ | 3.49 | 3.49 | 308 | 4 | 55% | - | not teaching it |
Why Predicted is not the Raw average
“Predicted” is shrunk toward the course average, which is itself shrunk toward the department, so an instructor with a handful of students sits near the course mean rather than topping the list.
Grade records describe outcomes. For what a course is like to take, read student reviews written on dibs below or follow the separate external review link.
Workload and assignments
Work types reported in BruinWalk reviews of this course, across recorded instructors and terms. They may differ from this term's syllabus.
dibs has not read this course’s reviews, so it cannot say what kind of work it sets. That is dibs not having looked. It is not a course without papers or exams, and the reviews linked below are the answer until dibs catches up.
What comes first
dibs has not read a class page for ECON 123 in any term it holds, so it cannot say what comes before it.
Counted in courses rather than quarters: dibs does not know which of them a department lets you take together.
In Springs
Ran in 1 of the last 4 Springs, so it turns up in Spring sometimes rather than dependably. dibs has no record of it in any quarter since Winter 2024.
From the terms dibs holds, which start in Fall 2021 and exclude summer. A department can run a course in a quarter it never has before.
From the registrar's catalog
Lecture, three hours; discussion, one hour. Requisites: courses 41, 102, 103, 103L, or consent of instructor. Enforced corequisite: course 123L. Preparation: familiarity with use of spreadsheets, such as Excel. Highly recommended: coding basics. Study of main theoretical models of exchange rates, stocks and bonds, and how to make real-time forecasts by applying such models to real-world data. Students learn statistical tests to evaluate accuracy of forecasts, and how to assess the risk-reward trade-offs of portfolios. Analysis of central bank announcements and newspaper articles about financial markets. Students gain applied research and presentation skills. P/NP or letter grading.
Sections in Spring 2026
From the people who took it
Student reviews
What taking ECON 123 was like: the work, the teaching, and what students wish they’d known.
Your experience could be the first.
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